I. Introduction
With the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental problems, renewable energy has become a hot topic in today's society. Among them, solar photovoltaic power generation by virtue of its clean, renewable, pollution-free and other advantages, has received widespread attention. The photovoltaic inverter, as one of the core equipment of the solar photovoltaic power generation system, plays a vital role.
2, the principle of photovoltaic inverter
Photovoltaic inverter is a kind of power electronic equipment that converts direct current energy into alternating current energy. In the solar photovoltaic power generation system, solar panels convert sunlight into direct current energy, and photovoltaic inverters are responsible for converting this part of direct current energy into AC power to meet the needs of households, industries and other electricity.
The working principle of the photovoltaic inverter mainly includes three steps: First, the DC energy generated by the solar panel is filtered and regulated by the rectifier; Secondly, the DC energy is converted into AC power by inverter. Finally, the inverter process is monitored and regulated by the control system to ensure the stability and reliability of the output power.
3 the type of photovoltaic inverter
According to different classification standards, photovoltaic inverters can be divided into many types. Here are some common ways to categorize:
Classified by power level: photovoltaic inverters can be divided into micro inverters, series inverters and concentrated inverters. Micro inverter power is small, suitable for home photovoltaic system; Series inverter power is moderate, suitable for small and medium-sized photovoltaic power stations; Centralized inverter power is large, suitable for large photovoltaic power stations.
According to the topology classification: photovoltaic inverters can be divided into single-stage inverters and two-stage inverters. Single-stage inverter has simple structure, but low efficiency. The two-stage inverter has a complex structure but high efficiency.
Classification by modulation mode: photovoltaic inverters can be divided into pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters and pulse frequency modulation (PFM) inverters. PWM inverter has lower harmonic distortion and higher efficiency, but the cost is higher. PFM inverters have low cost but high harmonic distortion.
Fourth, the application of photovoltaic inverter
As one of the core equipment of solar photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic inverter is widely used in home, industry, business and other fields. The following are the main application areas of photovoltaic inverters:
Home photovoltaic system: Home photovoltaic system refers to the installation of solar panels on the roof of the residents, through the photovoltaic inverter will generate direct current energy into AC electricity, to provide power supply for the home. Such a system could not only reduce household electricity costs, but also reduce the impact on the environment.
Distributed photovoltaic power station: Distributed photovoltaic power station refers to the photovoltaic array composed of multiple solar panels dispersed and installed in different locations, and the direct current energy generated by photovoltaic inverters is converted into AC electricity to provide local power supply. This kind of power station can make full use of solar energy resources and improve energy efficiency.
Large-scale ground photovoltaic power station: large-scale ground photovoltaic power station refers to the installation of a large number of solar panels on the open ground, through the photovoltaic inverter to generate direct current energy into AC electricity, into the grid power supply. This kind of power station has the advantages of large scale, large power generation and high economic benefits, and is one of the main forms of solar photovoltaic power generation.
The future development of photovoltaic inverters
With the continuous progress of solar photovoltaic power generation technology and the expansion of application fields, photovoltaic inverters will also usher in broader development prospects. The following are several trends in the future of photovoltaic inverters:
High efficiency and intelligence: With the development of power electronics technology, the efficiency of photovoltaic inverters will continue to improve, while the level of intelligence will continue to improve. Future photovoltaic inverters will have higher energy conversion efficiency, lower operating costs, stronger adaptive ability and better fault diagnosis functions.
Green environmental protection and sustainable development: Solar photovoltaic power generation as a clean, renewable energy utilization, in line with the concept of green environmental protection and sustainable development. Future photovoltaic inverters will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, and promote the popularization and application of solar photovoltaic power generation around the world.
Multi-energy complementary and microgrid construction: Future photovoltaic inverters will not only be limited to the application of solar photovoltaic power generation systems, but will also be combined with other renewable energy power generation technologies to form a multi-energy complementary microgrid system. This system can flexibly schedule and optimize the configuration according to the characteristics of different energy sources and the needs of users, so as to improve the efficiency of energy utilization and the reliability of power supply.
In summary, photovoltaic inverter as one of the core equipment of solar photovoltaic power generation system, has a pivotal position. With the continuous progress of technology and the expansion of application fields, photovoltaic inverters will play a more important role in the future and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of human society.